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In cases of poor diastolic refilling secondary to hypovolemia, fluid resuscitation plays a crucial role in restoring intravascular volume and improving cardiac performance. Hypovolemia can lead to inadequate cardiac preload, affecting diastolic function (Chen et al., 2021). It is essential to...

Dengue fever, caused by the dengue virus transmitted through Aedes mosquitoes, can lead to severe illness, especially in critically ill patients. Current efforts primarily focus on vector control to prevent transmission (Bhatt et al., 2013). Critically ill patients with severe dengue are at risk of...

The most effective protocol for conscious sedation with ketamine involves careful consideration of dosing and administration routes. Ketamine has been extensively studied and proven to be a valuable agent for conscious sedation in various medical procedures (Mistry & Nahata, 2005). It has been...

Backboards have traditionally been used for spinal immobilization in prehospital settings as part of trauma care protocols. However, recent research and evolving guidelines suggest a shift away from this practice. Studies have shown that the early removal of patients from backboards is considered...

Ketamine is considered a valuable prehospital sedative in critically ill patients due to its unique pharmacological properties and clinical benefits. Studies have shown that ketamine is effective as an analgosedative in this population (Garber et al., 2019). It has a wide therapeutic index, making...

Large bore venous access above the diaphragm is essential in critically ill and cardiac arrest patients for fluid resuscitation. This type of access allows for the rapid administration of resuscitative fluids and blood products directly into the central circulation and heart, making it more...

Whole blood has been identified as a critical component in the resuscitation of critically ill trauma patients in the prehospital setting. Studies have demonstrated that the early administration of whole blood in the prehospital phase can significantly benefit trauma patients with hemorrhagic shock...